Who was the founder, and who was one of the most important people of this civilization?
The independent city-state of Babylon was founded by an Amorite chieftain named Sumuabum in ca. 1894 BC. Initially Babylon was a small nation which did not control much territory, and was overshadowed by much older, powerful, and more established kingdoms like Isin, Larsa, Assyria and Elam. Babylon remained a minor city state until the reign of its sixth ruler, Hammurabi (1792- 1750 BC, or fl. ca. 1728 – 1686 BC (short). He was a very efficient ruler, establishing a bureaucracy, with taxation and centralized government, and giving the region stability after turbulent times, thereby eventually transforming it into the central power of the Near East and Mesopotamia. One of the most important works of this "First Dynasty of Babylon", as it was called by the native historians, was the compilation of a code of laws. This was made by order of Hammurabi after the expulsion of the Elamites and the settlement of his kingdom. Hammurabi was well known after creating The Code of Hammurabi, and many places around the world took in the idea of the codes and made codes/laws of their own.
Records first mention Babylon about 2200 BCE. King Sumuabum, the first important Babylonian ruler, founded a dynasty in 1894 BCE. The best-known king of that dynasty was Hammurabi, who ruled from 1792 to 1750 BCE and won fame for developing a wise and fair code of law.
Down below is a video that very simply explains the Code of Hammurabi in a somewhat humerus way.
Thanks to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia and http://theresourcesolutions.com/topics/history_and_events/were_was_the_great_city_of_the_ancient_world.htm
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for information.